Trade-offs in primate grooming reciprocation: testing behavioural flexibility and correlated evolution
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Trade-offs in parasitology, evolution and behavior.
Most animal pare,~ts find caring for offspring to be costly, whether in terms of increased vigilance against predators or higher grocery bills. Most parasitologists know that defense against pathogens is costly as well, requiring elaborate physiological and biochemical mechanisms to recognize and destroy the invader. In both cases, the parent or host can be seen as making a trade-off, allocatin...
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bla(TEM-1) expression results in penicillin resistance, whereas expression of many bla(TEM-1) descendants, called extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), results simultaneously in resistance to penicillins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Despite the expanded resistance phenotypes conferred by many ESBLs, bla(TEM-1) is still the most abundant bla(TEM) allele in many microbial population...
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1. The importance of body size and growth rate in ecological interactions is widely recognized, and both are frequently used as surrogates for fitness. However, if there are significant costs associated with rapid growth rates then its fitness benefits may be questioned. 2. In replicated whole-lake experiments, we show that a domestic strain of rainbow trout (artificially selected for maximum i...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
سال: 2008
ISSN: 0024-4066,1095-8312
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01067.x